teaching: Additional Information

General works on teaching include A.M. Carr-Saunders and P.A. Wilson, The Professions (1933, reprinted 1964), a standard work; and Marvin C. Alkin (ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Research, 6th ed., 4 vol. (1992), containing summary articles on teachers in the United States under various headings. The Statistical Yearbook, published by UNESCO, includes the latest data on teachers throughout the world. Other useful reference books include Review of Research in Education (annual); Merlin C. Wittrock (ed.), Handbook of Research on Teaching, 3rd ed. (1986); Michael J. Dunkin (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Teaching and Teacher Education (1987); W. Robert Houston (ed.), Handbook of Research on Teacher Education (1990); and Margaret C. Wang, Maynard C. Reynolds, and Herbert J. Walberg (eds.), Handbook of Special Education, 4 vols. (1987–91). Journals on teachers and teaching include Teaching and Teacher Education (bimonthly); Educational Researcher (9/yr.); Teaching Education (semiannual); and Journal of Teacher Education (5/yr.). Academe (bimonthly), includes reports on salaries and academic freedom of teachers in higher education.

Matters of legal interest to teachers are discussed in Mark G. Yudof, David L. Kirp, and Betsy Levin, Educational Policy and the Law, 3rd ed. (1991); Martha M. McCarthy and Nelda H. Cambron-McCabe, Public School Law, 3rd ed. (1992); E. Edmund Reutter, Jr., The Law of Public Education, 4th ed. (1994); and Stephen R. Goldstein, E. Gordon Gee, and Phillip T.K. Daniel, Law and Public Education: Cases and Materials, 3rd ed. (1995). A different approach is taken by Louis Fischer, David Schimmel, and Cynthia Kelly, Teachers and the Law, 4th ed. (1995). The impact of legislation on educators internationally is covered in Witold Tulasiewicz and Gerald Strowbridge (eds.), Education and the Law (1994). Wayne J. Urban, Why Teachers Organized (1982), details the history of the teacher union movement; and Martin Lawn (ed.), The Politics of Teacher Unionism (1985), deals with the political aspects. Works on the teaching profession are Amitai Etzioni (ed.), The Semi-Professions and Their Organization: Teachers, Nurses, Social Workers (1969); Burton J. Bledstein, The Culture of Professionalism: The Middle Class and the Development of Higher Education in America (1976); Carnegie Forum On Education And The Economy, Task Force On Teaching As A Profession, A Nation Prepared: Teachers for the 21st Century (1986); and Burton R. Clark (ed.), The Academic Profession: National, Disciplinary, and Institutional Settings (1987).

Teaching in the United States has been treated historically in such classic works as Lawrence A. Cremin, The Transformation of the School: Progressivism in American Education, 1876–1957 (1961); Merle L. Borrowman (ed.), Teacher Education in America: A Documentary History (1965); Merle Curti, The Social Ideas of American Educators (1935, reprinted 1978), a landmark book describing the ideas of educators who together formed the value base of American educators; Frances R. Donovan, The Schoolma’am (1938, reprinted 1974); Willard S. Elsbree, The American Teacher: Evolution of a Profession in a Democracy (1939, reprinted 1970); Paul H. Mattingly, The Classless Profession: American Schoolmen in the Nineteenth Century (1975); and Nancy Hoffman, Woman’s “True” Profession: Voices from the History of Teaching (1981). A good collection of documents from the major historical sources informing Western education may be found in Majorie B. Smiley and John S. Diekhoff, Prologue to Teaching (1959). Resources on the teaching of African-Americans include James D. Anderson, The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935 (1988); W.E.B. Du Bois, The Education of Black People: Ten Critiques, 1906–1960 (1973), ed. by Herbert Aptheker; and Carter Godwin Woodson, The Mis-Education of the Negro (1933, reissued 1992). Margret A. Winzer, The History of Special Education: From Isolation to Integration (1993), details developments in the United States from the 18th century on. Additional histories, most with critical content, are David Tyack and Elisabeth Hansot, Managers of Virtue: Public School Leadership in America, 1820–1980 (1982); Barbara Finkelstein, Governing the Young: Teacher Behavior in Popular Primary Schools in Nineteenth-Century United States (1989); Donald R. Warren (ed.), American Teachers: Histories of a Profession at Work (1989); Larry Cuban, How Teachers Taught: Constancy and Change in American Classrooms: 1890–1980, 2nd ed. (1993); and Robert A. Levin, Educating Elementary School Teachers: The Struggle for Coherent Visions, 1909–1978 (1994).

The teacher and teaching in the school context are covered in these fundamental sources: Michael J. Dunkin and Bruce J. Biddle, The Study of Teaching (1974, reissued 1982); Dan C. Lortie, Schoolteacher: A Sociological Study (1975); and John I. Goodlad, A Place Called School (1984), and Teachers for Our Nation’s Schools (1990). The international character of the development of mass schooling is emphasized in John W. Meyer et al., School Knowledge for the Masses (1992). Ann Lieberman (ed.), Building a Professional Culture in Schools (1988); Susan J. Rosenholtz, Teachers’ Workplace (1989); and Thomas L. Good and Jere E. Brophy, Looking in Classrooms, 6th ed. (1994), treat the professional and local environment. Teacher knowledge and knowing are discussed in the articles in Elliot Eisner (ed.), Learning and Teaching the Ways of Knowing (1985); Maynard C. Reynolds (ed.), Knowledge Base for the Beginning Teacher (1989); and Frank B. Murray (ed.), The Teacher Educator’s Handbook: Building a Knowledge Base for the Preparation of Teachers (1996). Some early sources on methods of teaching are David P. Page, Theory and Practice of Teaching (1847, reprinted 1969); and Boyd Henry Bode, How We Learn (1940, reissued 1971).

Teaching approaches are represented in Freema Elbaz, Teacher Thinking: A Study of Practical Knowledge (1983); William J. Bennett, What Works: Research About Teaching and Learning (1986); Gary D. Fenstermacher and Jonas F. Soltis, Approaches to Teaching, 2nd ed. (1992); and Wilbert J. McKeachie, Teaching Tips: Strategies, Research, and Theory for College and University Teachers, 9th ed. (1994). Special foci are addressed in Margo Culley and Catherine Portuges (eds.), Gendered Subjects: The Dynamics of Feminist Teaching (1985); Beatriz Chu Clewell, Bernice Taylor Anderson, and Margaret E. Thorpe, Breaking the Barriers: Helping Female and Minority Students Succeed in Mathematics and Science (1992); and James J. Gallagher, Teaching the Gifted Child, 4th ed. (1994). Cooperative learning is the subject of David W. Johnson and Roger T. Johnson, Learning Together and Alone: Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Learning, 4th ed. (1994); and Shlomo Sharan (ed.), Handbook of Cooperative Learning Methods (1994). Rachel Hertz-Lazarowitz and Norman Miller (eds.), Interaction in Cooperative Groups (1992), seeks understanding of cooperative interactions within school contexts.

Additional references on contemporary issues of interest for teaching include Lee S. Shulman and Gary Sykes (eds.), Handbook of Teaching and Policy (1983); Allan Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind (1987); Nel Noddings, The Challenge to Care in Schools (1992); Peter Schwartz and Graham Webb, Case Studies on Teaching in Higher Education (1993); Gillian Klein, Education Towards Race Equality (1993); and Janice Streitmatter, Toward Gender Equity in the Classroom (1994).