Broad overviews of the oceans are provided by Alan P. Trujillo and Harold V. Thurman, Essentials of Oceanography, 10th ed. (2011); Keith A. Sverdrup, Alison B. Duxbury, and Alyn C. Duxbury, Fundamentals of Oceanography, 5th ed. (2006); and M. Grant Gross and Elizabeth Gross, Oceanography, a View of the Earth, 7th ed. (1996). Sylvia A. Earle, National Geographic Atlas of the Ocean: The Deep Frontier (2001), provides a graphic look at all aspects of the ocean.
Claudia Cenedese| Type | Contributor | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Top Questions updated. | Feb 23, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Geosciences LibreTexts - Introduction to the Oceans. | Dec 16, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Canadian Encyclopedia - Ocean. | Oct 15, 2022 | ||
| Noted that the Southern Ocean includes the portion of the world ocean south of 60° S latitude. | Jul 08, 2021 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Oct 29, 2020 | ||
| Changed table title from "Surface area, volume, and average depth of oceans and seas" to "Surface area, volume, and average depth of oceans." Removed major seas data; thoroughly revised oceans data. | Oct 10, 2018 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Aug 16, 2018 | ||
| Updated the boundary years of geologic time intervals and added cross-references. | Oct 24, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Oct 24, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Geographic - Ocean Facts! | Oct 03, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Oct 19, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Geographic Kids - Ocean Facts! | Jul 05, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Ocean Motion and Surface Currents - Ocean's Vertical Structure Background. | Oct 05, 2015 | ||
| Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Ocean Facts. | Jun 02, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Untamed Science - Biology - Ten Ways to Save the Ocean. | Sep 12, 2012 | ||
| Table depicting the surface area, volume, and average depth of oceans and seas revised and updated. | Aug 24, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - Dive and Discover. | May 14, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - Dive and Discover. | May 14, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: Science Kids - Fun Science and Technology for Kids - Ocean Facts. | Mar 16, 2012 | ||
| Add new Web site: How Stuff Works - Geography - The Geography of Oceans. | Nov 25, 2011 | ||
| Add new Web site: Fact Monster - Science - Ocean. | Nov 25, 2011 | ||
| Add new Web site: NeoK12 - Educational Videos and Games for School Kids - Ocean. | Nov 03, 2011 | ||
| Article thoroughly revised. | Sep 27, 2011 | ||
| Geostrophic current equation and other metrics updated in the section, Geostropic currents. | Sep 27, 2011 | ||
| Photo of smoke rising from buring oil during the Gulf oil spill of 2010 added. | Sep 27, 2011 | ||
| Text noting that tropical cyclones can regain their strength and metric-to-English conversions added to the section concerning ocean-atmosphere impacts on weather and climate. | Sep 27, 2011 | ||
| Section describing density currents of the ocean thoroughly revised. | Sep 27, 2011 | ||
| Bibliography thoroughly revised. | Sep 14, 2011 | ||
| Table called "Surface Area, Volume, and Average Depth of Oceans and Seas" restyled. | Jul 06, 2011 | ||
| Two maps presenting the world's ocean basins and the general boundaries between one body of water added, along with a diagram of the hypsographic curve. | Oct 06, 2009 | ||
| Two maps depicting ocean currents and global thermohaline circulation added along with a diagram showing upwelling in the sea. | Oct 06, 2009 | ||
| Three diagrams depicting various qualities of water waves added along with a wave video. | Oct 06, 2009 | ||
| A video describing El Nino, a map depicting the path of the Gulf Stream, and a diagram of the upwelling process in oceans added. | Oct 06, 2009 | ||
| A video describing plankton ecology, a map depicting the average salinity in ocean regions, a diagram showing ocean temperatures changes with latitude, and a photo of a polar bear on a patch of sea ice added. | Oct 06, 2009 | ||
| Four new photos added. | Oct 06, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: Window To The Universe - Earth's Ocean. | Apr 23, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: National Geographic - Environment - Ocean. | Apr 20, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: National Geographic - Science and Space - Oceans. | Apr 17, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: MBGnet - Temperate Oceans. | Sep 11, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Science Clarified - Ocean. | Jan 22, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Discovery Education - The Ocean. | Jan 18, 2008 | ||
| Added new Web site: Enchanted Learning - Earth's Ocean. | Jan 18, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Dec 12, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: Goddard Space Flight Center - SeaWiFS Project. | Nov 16, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: NASA - Ocean Surface Topography from Space. | Nov 13, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Museum of Science, Boston - Oceans Alive. | Aug 09, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Museum of Science, Boston - Oceans Alive. | Aug 09, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: PBS Online - Savage Seas. | Aug 07, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Sea and Sky - The Sea. | Jul 05, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Sea and Sky - The Sea. | Jul 05, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Oceanlink - All About the Ocean... | May 26, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Oceanlink - All About the Ocean... | May 26, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Aug 05, 2005 | ||
| Article revised. | May 31, 2002 | ||
| Article revised. | May 29, 2002 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 16, 2001 | ||
| Article revised. | Oct 05, 2000 | ||
| Article revised. | Aug 03, 2000 | ||
| Article revised. | Dec 30, 1999 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 26, 1999 |
