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Glossary

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10-K report
4% rule
401(k)
403(b) plan
457(b) plan
51% attack
529 savings plan

A

abandonment
absentee ownership
acceptance
account receivable
accredited investor
actively managed funds
actuary
ad valorem tax
adjusted gross income
administered price
administration expenses
advance fee fraud
adverse possession
affiliate marketing
affreightment
allocation
allocation of resources
alpha
alternative investments
amortization
amusement tax
annuity
anti-money laundering (AML)
antitrust law
arbitrage
assembly line
assessment
asset
asset allocation
at the money
auction
autarky
average

B

baht
bailment
balance of payments
balance sheet
balloon payment
bank holiday
barriers to entry
barter
bazaar
bear market
beneficiary
beta
Better Business Bureau
bid rigging
bid-ask spread
bill of exchange
bill of lading
bimetallism
biotech industry
bitcoin
black market
blockchain
blue chip
Board of Trade
bolívar fuerte
bond
bond ratings
bonds
bookkeeping
bottomry
broker-dealers
bucket shop
bull market
bullion
bullionism
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
business ethics
buy now, pay later (BNPL)

C

C-suite
call option
capital gains tax
capital levy
capital structure
carbon tax
carrier’s lien
cash
cash cow
cash flow
cash on delivery (C.O.D.)
casual labour
casualty insurance
caveat emptor
Cboe Volatility Index (VIX)
central banks
certificate of deposit (CD)
cessio bonorum
chief executive officer (CEO)
Clayton Antitrust Act
cobweb cycle
collateral
command economy
commission
commodities
commodity exchange
communication services sector
comparable worth
comparative advantage
competitive environment
confiscation
consumer confidence
consumer credit
consumer discretionary sector
consumer good
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
consumer spending
consumer staples
consumer surplus
consumption tax
copyhold
corporate finance
corporate guidance
corporate income tax
corporate social responsibility (CSR)
correction
cost
cost of attendance (COA)
cost of living
covered call
credit
credit bureau
credit card
credit default swap (CDS)
credit report
credit score
crown
cryptocurrencies
currency
custodian
cyclical sectors

D

death cross
debenture stock
debit card
debt
debt ceiling
debt crisis
debtor and creditor
decentralized applications (dapps)
decentralized finance (DeFi)
deed
default
defensive sectors
deficit financing
demand curve
department store
depletion allowance
deposit account
deposit insurance
depreciation
derivative (investing)
derivatives
devaluation
development bank
diminishing returns
dinar
discount rate
discount store
discounted cash flow (DCF)
diversification
dividend
dividend discount model (DDM)
dividend payout ratio (DPR)
dollar
domestic service
domestic system
Dow Jones average
due diligence

E

early withdrawal penalty
earnings
earnings guidance
earnings-per-share (EPS)
economic cycle
economic indicator
economy of scale
ecu
ejectment
elasticity
electronic banking
emergency fund
energy sector
entitlement
environmental, social, governance (ESG)
equity
escalator clause
escheat
Eurodollar
eviction
evolutionary economics
ex-dividend date
excess-profits tax
exchange control
exchange rate
exchange-traded funds (ETFs)
expansion
expected family contribution (EFC)
expenditure tax
expense ratio
exponential moving average
extrinsic value

F

factoring
Fair Labor Standards Act
fair-trade law
Fed funds rate
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
federal income tax
Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
Federal Reserve (Fed)
fee
fiat money
fiduciary
finance company
financial intermediaries
financial sector
fire insurance
fixed-income securities
forbearance
foreclosure
foreign workers
forint
fractional shares
franc
free cash flow
free-trade zone
freehold
friendly society
fringe benefit
full retirement age
fund manager
fundamental analysis
futures margin

G

garnished
general store
gift exchange
gift tax
gold-exchange standard
golden cross
grace period
gross domestic product (GDP)
gross national income (GNI)
gross national product (GNP)
growth stock
growth stocks
guarantee
guaranty and suretyship
guilder

H

Hague Rules
health care sector
hedge fund
hedge funds
hedging
home equity
home equity line of credit (HELOC)

I

in the money
income statement
income-driven repayment plan (IDR)
incomes policy
index funds
indexation
indifference curve
Individual Retirement Account (IRA)
industrial sector
inflation
inflation hedge
information technology sector
inheritance tax
initial public offering (IPO)
insider trading
insolvency
installment credit
installment payment
insurance premium
interchange fee
interest
interest payment
interest rates
International Investment Bank
intrinsic value
inventory
investment
investment bank
investment credit
investment trust
invisible trade
IPO lockup period

J

joint-stock company
junk bond

K

know your customer (KYC)

L

lagging indicator
land
landlord and tenant
law merchant
leading indicator
lease
leasing
Lerner index
letter of credit
liability insurance
license
lien
life insurance
limited liability
liquidation
liquidity
liquidity preference
lira
living will
London Stock Exchange (LSE)
luxury tax

M

mail-order business
margin
margin account
margin call
marginal efficiency of investment
marginal productivity theory
marginal tax rate
marginal-cost pricing
marine insurance
mark
market capitalization
market research
market returns
market sectors
market socialism
market trend
materials sector
means test
Medicare
mercantile agency
merger
microcredit
minimum wage
modified adjusted gross income
momentum indicator
money order
money supply
monopolistic competition
monopsony
mortgage insurance
mortgage refinancing
mortgage-backed security (MBS)
moving averages
multinational
mutual fund

N

naira
NASDAQ
national bank
negotiable instrument
net asset value (NAV)
non-fungible token (NFT)
notary public
notional value
nuevo sol
NYSE Amex Equities

O

octroi
offshoring
oligopoly
open-market operation
opportunity cost
option assignment
option contracts
option exercise
option expiration
options
oscillators
out of the money
over-the-counter market
overbought
oversold
ownership

P

panic
parity
partnership
passive income
pattern day trader
pawnbroking
payroll tax
Pell Grant
pension
personal consumption expenditures
personal income tax
peseta
peso
pipeline product
Ponzi scheme
portfolio
position (trading)
possession
pound sterling
power of attorney
precious metals
price
price discrimination
price maintenance
price-to-book (P/B) ratio
price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio
price-to-sales (P/S) ratio
prime rate
private equity
privatization
producer goods
producer price index (PPI)
production function
profit
profit margins
progressive tax
promissory note
proof of stake
proof of work
propensity to consume
propensity to save
prospectus
put option

Q

qualified
quantitative easing (QE)
quota

R

rand
rationing
real
real and personal property
real estate sector
rebate
recession
reciprocity
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
regressive tax
Regulation Best Interest (Reg BI)
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
relief
remainder
renminbi
required minimum distributions (RMDs)
research and development (R&D) expenses
resistance level
restraint of trade
restrictive covenant
retailing
returns to scale
revenue
revenue bond
revenue sharing
reversion
revolving credit
rial
right-to-work law
ringgit
risk
risk-off
riyal
roll options positions
Roth IRA
Royal Exchange
royalty
ruble
rupee
rupiah

S

S&P 500
sales mix
salvage
saving
SECURE Act
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
securitization
security
semiconductor industry
sequence-of-return risk
serial bond
service industry
sheqel
shilling
short selling
short squeeze
silent trade
silver standard
Simple IRA
Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRA
single tax
sinking fund
smart contracts
Social Security
Social Security tax
soft money
Solo 401(k) plan
special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs)
specialty retail industry
specie payment
spot market
staking cryptocurrencies
standard deviation
state income tax
statute labour
stochastics oscillator
stock
stock borrow
stock cycle diversification
stock margin
stock option
stop-loss order
subprime mortgage
subsidized loan
sunk cost
supermarket
supply-side economics
support level
swap (finance)

T

tax brackets
Tax Court
tax credit
tax deduction
tax-advantaged retirement account
tax-advantaged savings plan
tax-loss harvesting
technical analysis
terms of trade
ticker
time value of money
Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)
toll
total cost
trade credit
trade show
trading stamp
transactions tax
Travelers Insurance
treasure trove
treasury bill
Treasury bonds
treasury note
trend following
trustee
two-tier gold system

U

U.S. dollar
underwriter
unemployment
unemployment insurance
unemployment rate
unemployment report
unsubsidized loan
UPC
use tax
utilities sector

V

value stocks
value-added tax (VAT)
vending machine
venture capital
vertical integration
viatical settlement
visible trade
volatility
volume indicators

W

wage inflation
wage-price control
Wall Street
weighted average cost of capital (WACC)
wholesaling
won
workers’ compensation
workfare

Y

yen
yield
yield curve
yield farming
yield to maturity (YTM)

Z

zero commission
zloty
zoning